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CLASSIFICATION OF SURFACES Horizontal, frontal and profile surfaces are those which are parallel to the horizontal, frontal and profile planes ...
THREE ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS Most commonly only three orthographic views are drawn for an object namely front view, top view and end view. End view ...
LINES TO FORM A VIEW Orthographic views are drawn by using various types of lines and generally no shading is used, hence, we must have a ...
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION Orthographic projection is the method of representing the exact shape of an object by carrying perpendicular rays from two ...
PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION If the rays of sight emerging from the object tend to meet at any station point and a picture plane is introduced in ...
DIMENSIONS APPEARING IN THE VIEWS The dimensions which appear in three dimensional photographs or drawings are generally not the actual dimensions ...
SPACE DIMENSIONS Length It is the perpendicular distance between two profile planes that contain the object. It is actually the projected ...
PLANES OF PROJECTION Plane Plane is a two dimensional smooth surface having the third dimension negligible. Projection Projection is ...
ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING FACES OF THE OBJECT There are six main faces of the object namely front, back or rear, left side, right side, top and ...
PROBLEMS 2.1 Leaving a gap of 1-in from the top border line, draw guide lines for five lettering lines maintaining height of letters equal to ...
HINTS FOR GOOD LINEWORK 1. Ordinary main lines on the drawing should be thin but at the same time bright and these should be of uniform ...
APPLIED GEOMETRY To Join Two Lines at Right Angle by a Quarter Circle There may be two methods to locate centre of the curve so that it ...
