Civil Engineering Projects
LINES TO FORM A VIEW
Orthographic views are drawn by using various types of lines and generally no
shading is used, hence, we must have a ...
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
Orthographic projection is the method of representing the exact shape of an object by
carrying perpendicular rays from two ...
PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION
If the rays of sight emerging from the object tend to meet at any station point and a
picture plane is introduced in ...
DIMENSIONS APPEARING IN THE VIEWS
The dimensions which appear in three dimensional photographs or drawings are
generally not the actual dimensions ...
SPACE DIMENSIONS
Length
It is the perpendicular distance between two profile planes that contain the object. It is
actually the projected ...
PLANES OF PROJECTION
Plane
Plane is a two dimensional smooth surface having the third dimension negligible.
Projection
Projection is ...
ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING
FACES OF THE OBJECT
There are six main faces of the object namely front, back or rear, left side, right side, top and ...
PROBLEMS
2.1 Leaving a gap of 1-in from the top border line, draw guide lines for five lettering lines maintaining height of letters equal to ...
HINTS FOR GOOD LINEWORK
1. Ordinary main lines on the drawing should be thin but at the same time bright and
these should be of uniform ...
APPLIED GEOMETRY
To Join Two Lines at Right Angle by a Quarter Circle
There may be two methods to locate centre of the curve so that it ...
LETTERING ON THE DRAWING
Generally all the lettering on the sheet is carried out in capital letters and following points should be kept in mind ...
MEASUREMENTS IN FRACTIONS OF AN INCH
By any fraction x/y (of any quantity or unit), we mean that the given quantity is divided first into ...
