Projects that involve both the construction or renovation of a structure or an alteration of part of the environment are considered part of civil engineering.
5 major civil engineering projects:
Water engineering.
Construction and management engineering.
Structural engineering.
Geotechnical engineering.
Transport engineering.
Assembling the Sheet Views and Portfolio Starting the Tutorial Note: Since there are many parts to this tutorial, you may wish to not save the tutorial at the end of each part. This will save a considerable amount of disk space. In this last tutorial you will set up the different sheet views needed for […]
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PROBLEMS 7.1 A cone of base diameter 3-in and height 3.5-in is sectioned by a plane at an angle of 45 with the axis of the cone at a height of 2-in. Draw development for the truncated cone. 7.2 A cone of base diameter 6-in having an altitude of 5-in is penetrated on one side by
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DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES When a curved surface is unfolded to a single plane, the resulting figure is called development of that surface. By using these surface developments a pattern layout of any object can be constructed on some plane sheet which may then be used to form the required shape. Application of surface developments are
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INTERSECTION OF SURFACES While making orthographic drawings, the intersections between the various types of surfaces are to be shown by certain lines. For example, when two planes intersect, a straight intersection line is obtained. Intersection of surfaces especially means the complicated lines obtained when geometric shapes such as planes, cylinders, prisms, pyramids and cones intersect
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COMMON TYPES OF SURFACES Prism A prism is a polyhedron (shape with multiple faces) having identical and parallel bases (or ends) connected by lateral laces which are parallelograms. The axis of a prism is a straight line connecting the centers of the bases. Pyramid A pyramid is a polyhedron whose base is a polygonal plane
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INTERSECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES SURFACES A surface is a geometric shape having two dimensions with negligible thickness but it may lie in a three dimensional space. The surface may be formed/generated by moving a line, called the GENERATRIX of the surface. Any position of the generatrix is an element of the surface. The line
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PROBLEMS 6.1 Observe different types of boundary walls constructed for houses and offices. Select one which you prefer architecturally, function-wise, and from economic point of view. Measure the visible part of the wall, suggest changes if you like, and complete it by providing suitable foundation. Make rough sketches for Plan,. Section and Elevation and discuss these
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TYPES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWINGS 1. Proposal drawing or proposal sketching 2. Perspective 3. Submission drawing 4. Working drawings 5. Completion drawing Proposal And Perspective First architect collects data and requirements for the building such as the funds available, plot size, use of the building, number of stories desired, north direction, plot- level especially in
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ADJUSTING PLANS OF ORDINARY BUILDINGS i ) Depending upon funds available, plot size and requirements, fix the sizes of the main components like bedrooms, drawing room, dining room, living room, and kitchen, etc. ii ) Add 9-in in each dimension for half wall on the two sides and draw the above components separately on a
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CONSIDERATIONS FOR ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF A HOUSE The arrangement of various rooms in a building plan for easy and comfortable living of the occupants is called architectural design of the building. Every effort is made to utilize full natural resources such as wind, sun, etc. Maximum facilities are to be provided within the funds and
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