Projects that involve both the construction or renovation of a structure or an alteration of part of the environment are considered part of civil engineering.
5 major civil engineering projects:
Water engineering.
Construction and management engineering.
Structural engineering.
Geotechnical engineering.
Transport engineering.
STRUCTURAL FRAME LOADING The structural frame is designed to withstand, in a constant basis, the vertical gravitational loads (self weight, masonry walls, floor coverings, cars, furniture, people etc) and not in a continuous but in a periodical basis, the wind and snow actions. Moreover it must always bear the “self in- duced” loadings caused […]
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Structural frame elements Columns The vertical load bearing elements of the structural frame are usually called with their common name, columns. However due to their varied behavior, their different design rules and most of all, their differences in reinforcement and detailing, they are separated into three major catego- ries: columns, shear walls and composite
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EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDINGS The structural frame Introduction Every structure consists of the load bearing system which is usually constructed by reinforced concrete, steel or by a combination of those two materials. This book deals with building frames made out of reinforced concrete (RC). The structural frame might not be visible externally in the final stage
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Collaborating and file sharing In this section, we will explore the collaborative side of the Teams app. We will learn how to upload and work with files in the Teams environment and understand the difference between default views and the New Sheet View feature in Excel. Finally, we will touch on version control document history.
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Taking meeting notes It is important to be able to take notes before, during, or after your meeting. You can also take meeting notes using the transcription feature. While in a meeting, select the More… button at the top of the meeting screen. Select Meeting notes: Figure 17.17 – Meeting notes The Meeting notes pane
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Exploring Presenter Modes When we share content with an audience, we can present it using multiple Presenter Modes. These modes offer more engagement possibilities when sharing content through meetings. The following modes are available: Let’s learn about these options while we walk through the steps to activate them: Figure 17.10 – Presenter mode The second
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Presenting and Collaborating Online In the previous chapter, we introduced all the significant features of communicating and collaborating using online tools such as Microsoft Teams and Zoom. We concentrated on joining and managing meetings using the Outlook 2021 Calendar and the methods to present content using the Share icon within Teams. In this chapter, we
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Creating and managing Channels A Team is a group of people (called members) who gather to collaborate on a project, a specialist area, or within a department, to name a few examples. Within a team, we can create Channels. Channels are created within a specific Team. We use Channels to have conversations with others, work
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Creating and Managing Online Meetings Many working environments have altered in one way or another over the past 2 years with a focus on remote working, so the aspects of this chapter are very relevant and being enhanced within the workplace and industry. This chapter will introduce you to all the significant features you can
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Creating and manipulating notes and journal entries In this section, you will learn how to create a note, change the current view, and categorize notes. Creating a note A note is a useful space in which to jot down thoughts and ideas within Outlook 2021. You can drag notes from Outlook 2021 to your
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