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Civil Engineering Projects

Projects that involve both the construction or renovation of a structure or an alteration of part of the environment are considered part of civil engineering.

5  major civil engineering projects:
Water engineering.
Construction and management engineering.
Structural engineering.
Geotechnical engineering.
Transport engineering.

EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDINGS STRUCTURAL FRAME LOADING

  STRUCTURAL FRAME LOADING The structural frame is designed to withstand, in a constant basis, the vertical gravitational loads (self weight, masonry walls, floor coverings, cars, furniture, people etc) and not in a continuous but in a periodical basis, the wind and snow actions. Moreover it must always bear the “self in- duced” loadings caused […]

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EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDINGS Structural frame elements

  Structural frame elements Columns The vertical load bearing elements of the structural frame are usually called with their common name, columns. However due to their varied behavior, their different design rules and most of all, their differences in reinforcement and detailing, they are separated into three major catego- ries: columns, shear walls and composite

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EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDINGS The structural frame

EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDINGS The structural frame Introduction Every structure consists of the load bearing system which is usually constructed by reinforced concrete, steel or by a combination of those two materials. This book deals with building frames made out of reinforced concrete (RC). The structural frame might not be visible externally in the final stage

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Presenting and Collaborating Online

Presenting and Collaborating Online In the previous chapter, we introduced all the significant features of communicating and collaborating using online tools such as Microsoft Teams and Zoom. We concentrated on joining and managing meetings using the Outlook 2021 Calendar and the methods to present content using the Share icon within Teams. In this chapter, we

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