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Civil Engineering Projects

Projects that involve both the construction or renovation of a structure or an alteration of part of the environment are considered part of civil engineering.

5  major civil engineering projects:
Water engineering.
Construction and management engineering.
Structural engineering.
Geotechnical engineering.
Transport engineering.

EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDINGS Total estimation of the materials’ quantities

Total estimation of the materials’ quantities ESTIMATION OF CONCRETE (m³) Level Superstructure Foundation Sum (m3)   Slabs – Beams Columns Foundation   Ground floor 4.97 1.60   6.6 Basement 5.41 3.85 5.51 14.8 SUM (m3) 10.38 5.45 5.51 21.3 ESTIMATION OF FORMWORK (m²) Level Superstructure Foundation Sum (m2)   Slabs – Beams Columns     […]

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EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDINGS Estimation of the reinforcements’ quantity

Estimation of the reinforcements’ quantity Ground floor – Slabs 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 ESTIMATION OF REBARS Diam. Ø Weight/m (Kg) Quantity n Total length L*n (m) Additional weight b (Kg) Total weight L*n*sw + b (Kg) 8 0.395 46 103.16 0.0 40.7 10 0.617 49 214.23 0.0 132.1 Sum – 95 – 0.0 172.8 Ground

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EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDINGS Estimation of the spacers’ quantity

Estimation of the spacers’ quantity If there is no other rule to follow when calculating the spacers of the formwork, one could use the empirical rule presented below: RULES FOR ESTIMATING THE QUANTITTIES OF SPACERS AND REBAR CHAIRS Superstructure and foundation beams: (2m of ‘linear spacers + 2 ‘pieces of point support’) in every meter

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EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDINGS Estimation of the formworks’ quantity

  Estimation of the formworks’ quantity In constructional works, it is common practice to pay the technicians responsible for the form- work implementation, based upon the quantity (in m3) of casted concrete. However, the most proper way is to separate those two things therefore, the following pages regard the estimation of the required moulds. Ground

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EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDINGS Quantities surveying-Cost estimation

  Quantities surveying-Cost estimation The following paragraphs refer to the quantities and cost estimation of the building shown at the next fig- ure. It is comprised of a ground floor and a basement (with one shear wall) while its strip foundation is combined with spread footings tied together by connecting beams. The following paragraphs present

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EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDINGS Foundation

Foundation Spread footings Paragraph 1.2.5 provides all information regarding spread footings. The following example con- cerns a simple spread footing with its footing shaped like a box. The spread footing behaves like an inverted cantilever with loads applied in the upward direc- tion. As a rule, a spread footing is a quite rigid element therefore,

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EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDINGS Slabs

  Slabs The general concepts regarding slabs were explained in paragraph 1.2.3 while the concepts regarding their behavior were explained in paragraph 1.4.1. This paragraph refers to the rules concerning the slab reinforcement. One-way slab (simply supported slab) The following describe the way to reinforce a one-way (simply supported) slab. The structural frame consists of

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