Civil Engineering Projects
Total estimation of the materials' quantities
ESTIMATION OF CONCRETE (m³)
Level
Superstructure
Foundation
Sum (m3)
...
Estimation of the reinforcements' quantity
Ground floor - Slabs
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
ESTIMATION OF ...
Estimation of the spacers' quantity
If there is no other rule to follow when calculating the spacers of the formwork, one could use the empirical ...
Estimation of the formworks' quantity
In constructional works, it is common practice to pay the technicians responsible for the form- ...
Quantities surveying-Cost estimation
The following paragraphs refer to the quantities and cost estimation of the building shown at the ...
Foundation
Spread footings
Paragraph 1.2.5 provides all information regarding spread footings. The following example con- cerns a simple ...
Staircases
Staircases appear in a number of forms and behave in different ways, as shown at the following figures: simply supported (pinned on ...
Slabs
The general concepts regarding slabs were explained in paragraph 1.2.3 while the concepts regarding their behavior were explained ...
Beams
General
The following figure shows one beam supported by two columns.
This beam, due to its elasticity (stiffness) and the ...
Composite elements
A composite column is every vertical element composed by a number of rectangular members, one of which is considered to be a ...
Shear walls
General
Shear walls are vertically oriented elements that apart from their ability to bear vertical loads, they also ...
Reinforcement in structural elements
Columns
Consider a column with cross section 30x30cm. This is the smallest allowable column ...
