Biaxial bending affects columns where the load is eccentric about both the axes in the plane of the column (eccentric load is a force placed upon a portion of a column which is not symmetric with its central axis, thereby producing bending).
Analysis of Biaxially Loaded Rectangular Columns Read More »
Bracing, which provides stability and resists lateral loads, may be from diagonal steel members or, from a concrete ‘core’. In braced construction, beams and columns are designed under vertical load only, assuming the bracing system carries all lateral loads.
BRACING DESIGN CALCULATIONS Developed by Minh Nhơn/ZSV HCM Read More »
A load-bearing wall (or bearing wall) is a wall that bears a load resting upon it by conducting its weight to a foundation structure. … The sills are bolted to the masonry or concrete foundation. The top plate or ceiling plate is the top of the wall, which sits just below the platform of the next
Design of Bearing Wall Read More »
Shear design of reinforced concrete (RC) beam involves the determination of spacing between stirrups. … RC concrete beams cracks in flexure due to principal tension stresses which are horizontal in the middle of the beam span.
SHEAR DESIGN FOR BEAMS Read More »
Tie beam reinforcement calculation is divided into two parts Main bars and stirrups. Check the Length of Main bars in the top, bottom, sidebars. Calculate the total length of Main bars in top, bottom and side direction. Find the total wt of Main bars.
Reinforcement for the top tie beam using SAP output(At Z=8.70) Read More »
Rectangular beams production “Oberbeton” are used as covering beams and overlapping with a small length of the span. Beams are made prestressed (using sevenwire reinforcing ropes) or with ordinary reinforcement (without rope reinforcement).
Design of Rectangular Beams Read More »
The beam that is longitudinally reinforced only in tension zone, it is known as singly reinforced beam. In Such beams, the ultimate bending moment and the tension due to bending are carried by the reinforcement, while the compression is carried by the concrete.
SINGLE REINFORCED CONCRETE RECTANGULAR BEAM (BENDING MOMENT CAPACITY) Read More »
Also known as base plates or floor plates, these serve as the foundation of your pipe and drape set-up. A base goes underneath each Upright pipe (the vertical pipe that sets the height) and acts as the piece that keeps the Upright standing up.
DESIGN OF BASE PLATE FOR PIPE Read More »
Base shear is an estimate of the maximum expected lateral force on the base of the structure due to seismic activity. It is calculated using the seismic zone, soil material, and building code lateral force equations (Figure 10.3). … Proximity to potential sources of seismic activity (such as geological faults)
SEISMIC DESIGN BASE SHEAR Read More »
The design of shear walls involves providing adequate cross-section and reinforcements to resist bending, shear, axial, and twisting forces due to gravity and lateral loads. For an element to be described as a reinforced concrete wall, the length to thickness ratio should be equal to or greater than 4 (Clause 9.6.
Shear Wall Design (ACI318M-02) Read More »
Torsion is the state of strain in a material that has been twisted by an applied torque. It will occur whenever a structural element is subject to a twisting force. … The state of strain that has distorted the rectangles is called torsion and consists of pure shear.
Torsion Design (ACI318M-02) Read More »
T-beams are formed when reinforced concrete floor slabs, roofs, and decks are cast monolithically with their supporting beams. … The design of the reinforced concrete T-beams is similar to that of a rectangular reinforced concrete beam except for flanges that need to be considered in the former type of beam.
Design of T Beam (ACI 318M-02) Read More »
Introduction. A slab is a structural element, made of concrete, that is used to create flat horizontal surfaces such as floors, roof decks and ceilings. A slab is generally several inches thick and supported by beams ,columns, walls, or the ground.
Slab Design (ACI318M-02) Read More »
Shear design of reinforced concrete (RC) beam involves the determination of spacing between stirrups. Shear is a word used for forces that work perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of RC beam. … RC concrete beams cracks in flexure due to principal tension stresses which are horizontal in the middle of the beam span.
Shear Design ACI 318M-02 Read More »
reinforced concrete, concrete in which steel is embedded in such a manner that the two materials act together in resisting forces. The reinforcing steel—rods, bars, or mesh—absorbs the tensile, shear, and sometimes the compressive stresses in a concrete structure.
Design of The Beam with Compression Reinforcement (ACI 318M-02) Read More »
Strictly speaking, tension development length refers to the anchorage length required to develop the full yield strength of the rebar embedded in concrete. On the other hand, splice length is the length required to fully transfer the force from one bar to the adjacent bar
Calculation of Tension Development Length According to Section 12.2.2 Read More »
The two basic types of towers are briefly described with their diversity in form, construction, and function illustrated by a number of recently constructed structures. The general theory of wind pressure for aerostatic effects and the empirical-shape factors reported for common structural members are presented. Composite shape factor-solidity ratio relations for square and triangular towers
Wind Loading (Tower 2) Read More »
The two basic types of towers are briefly described with their diversity in form, construction, and function illustrated by a number of recently constructed structures. The general theory of wind pressure for aerostatic effects and the empirical-shape factors reported for common structural members are presented. Composite shape factor-solidity ratio relations for square and triangular towers
Wind Loading (Tower 1) Read More »
The classic U-Frame action example can be found in “half-through” railwaybridges[1],[2] or pedestrian bridges. The key concept of the U-frame action isillustrated in Figure 1a. The two longitudinal girders are subjected to a saggingbending moment, which causes compression in the top flanges. At certainlocations along the bridge span, a continuous U-shaped frame is formed fromthe
U Frame Analysis to BS 5400 and BD56_96 Read More »
Structural Forms or Types of Shear Walls Generally shear walls are either plane or flanged in section, while core walls consists of channel sections.
SHEAR WALLS SECTION DESIGN Read More »
