The ultimate bearing capacity of a pile is the maximum load which it can carry without failure or excessive settlement of the ground. The bearing capacity of a pile depends primarily on 3 factors as given below, Type of soil through which pile is embedded. … Pile dimension (cross section & length of pile)
CALCULATION OF LOADS ON PILES Read More »
A pile cap (Figure 1) is a stocky reinforced structure which spreads and distributes the load from acolumn or bridge pier downwards into supporting piles. Unlike standard deep beams, pile caps arerelatively wide, with a width comparable to their span, contain relatively low reinforcement and inparticular normally no transverse shear reinforcement [1].Discrepancies exist in the
SHEAR DESIGN of Pile Caps According to Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute Read More »
An end plate connection, as shown in Fig. 1, consists solely of a vertical plate shop-welded to the end of the web transverse to the axis of the beam with fillet welds on each side of the web. The field connection is made by bolting the end plate to the flange or web of the supporting
DESIGN OF MOMENT CONNECTION Flush End Plate Moment Connection Read More »
Moment connections are designed to transfer bending moments, shear forces and sometimes normal forces. The design strength and stiffness of a moment connection are defined in relation to the strength and stiffness of the connected members.
DESIGN OF MOMENT CONNECTION Read More »
Shear is the term assigned to forces that act perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of structural elements. … Concrete beams are expected to crack in flexure, with such cracks forming perpendicular to longitudinal tension reinforcement, i.e., perpendicular also to a free edge.
DESIGN FOR SHEAR ACCORDING TO BS8110- 1997 Read More »
In terms of design, the term ‘section’ typically refers to a view of a structure as though it has been sliced in half or cut along another imaginary plane, which is generally, but not always a vertical plane. This is represented as a ‘section drawing’ or ‘sectional drawing’.
DESIGN OF SECTION ACCORDING TO BS8110-1987 Read More »
Wide-flange sections are manufactured in groups with a common set of inner rollers. Within each of these groups, the dimensions and properties are varied by increasing the overall depth of the section (thereby increasing the flange thickness) and then letting the web thickness increase as well.
DESIGN OF FLANGED SECTION WITH TENSION REINFORCEMENT Read More »
Design for Torsion is moment act along the longitudinal axis of the beams, two types of torsion exist in structures first primary or equilibrium torsion as shown inFig. The torsion resistance is provided primarily by closed stirrups and longitudinal bars located near the surface of the member.
Design for Torsion and Shear According to ACI-318-99 Read More »
Shear reinforcement is designed to resist shear forces in excess of the shear strength of concrete. They are provided in forms of vertical or inclined stirrups or longitudinal reinforcement bent up at 45 degrees at locations where they are no longer needed to resist bending.
SHEAR DESIGN of a Non-Prestressed Reinforced Concrete Section According to ACI 318-02 Read More »
Generally, we calculate deflection by taking the double integral of the Bending Moment Equation means M(x) divided by the product of E and I (i.e. Young’s Modulus and Moment of Inertia). … This number defines the distance in which the beam can be deflected from its original position.
Calculation of Deflection According to ACI 318M-99 Read More »
Introduction. Crack width calculation is one of the serviceability requirements in the structural concrete elements. … The crack width of a flexural member is obtained by multiplying the maximum crack spacing by the mean strain of the flexural steel reinforcement.
CHECK OF WORKING STRESSES AND MAXIMUM CRACK WIDTH ACCORDING TO ACI 318 Read More »
A corbel is a short cantilever projecting out from a column, a wall, or the side of a beam. A corbel is designed to support another member, usually a beam or girder, but may also be used to support a slab. ACI 318 restricts the term “corbel” to a member having span-to-depth ratio which is less
DESIGN OF MONOLITHIC CORBELS AND BRACKETS ACCORDING TO ACI 318 – 99 Read More »
Flexural members are slender members that deform primarily by bending moments caused by concentrated couples or transverse forces. In modern construction, these members may be joists, beams, girders, spandrels, lintels, and other specially named elements. But their behavior in every case is essentially the same.
FLEXURAL DESIGN of a Singly Reinforced Rectangular Section According to ACI 318-02 Read More »
A reinforced-concrete beam having projecting ledges for receiving the ends of joists or the like. A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the beam’s axis (an element designed to carry primarily axial load would be a strut or column). Its mode of deflection is primarily by bending. The loads applied to the beam
Design of Beam Ledge Read More »
Strength of the material considered under the shear failure, when a structure will fail is known as the design shear strength. The shear strength without any shear reinforcement relies on compressive concrete grade and percentage of tension steel in beam the modes of failure are described as follows, 1) web shear, 2) flexural tension shear and
Moment & Shear Strength Design of Rectangular RC Read More »
Boundary conditions (b.c.) are constraints necessary for the solution of a boundary value problem. … Boundary value problems are extremely important as they model a vast amount of phenomena and applications, from solid mechanics to heat transfer, from fluid mechanics to acoustic diffusionA simply-supported beam (or a simple beam , for short), has the following boundary
The maximum uniformly distributed load on plates with simply supported on all four edges Read More »
UBs used in floors will support more force vertically than a standard square beam, but are weaker against horizontal movement and do not react well to twisting. They are used as a component in floor framing, and can be used with other beams and joists where extra load bearing capacity is required.
Universal Beams to BS4 Part1 1993 – Dimensions & Properties Read More »
This publication provides guidance for vibration design of all steel-framed floor and building types. It deals with the human perception of vibration and the criteria by which it is measured. The concepts of floor response and the different types of excitation produced by occupant induced vibrations are explained. Simple design procedures are presented which show
This publication provides guidance for vibration design of all steel-framed floor and building types. It deals with the human perception of vibration and the criteria by which it is measured. The concepts of floor response and the different types of excitation produced by occupant induced vibrations are explained. Simple design procedures are presented which show
A slab deck is one where the deck is analyzed as a plate. … A beam and slab deck is one where the beams may deflect somewhat independently, and any transverse forces are carried in the deck. A cellular deck is one where a number of thin slabs and webs will enclose cells within the deck.
Design of Concrete Slab on Steel Form Deck Read More »
