Crane girder: The principal horizontal beams of the crane bridge which supports the trolley and is supported by the end trucks. Crane Span: the horizontal distance center to center of the runway beams
Crane Girder Design to BS5950-1:2000 Read More »
EXTERNAL WIND PRESSURE is the physical principle behind the pressure tube (Pitot) or pressure-plate anemometer. … The wind pressure is also used to orient wind vanes and measure the wind direction. The pressure plate measures the deflection of a flat plate that is continually oriented along the wind direction by a vane.
EXTERNAL WIND PRESSURE (Pe) Read More »
Dynamic wind load gives rise to vertical motion, creating oscillations in any direction. Like the breaking of an overused violin string, oscillations are vibrations that can cause a bridge to fail.
DYNAMIC WIND PRESSURE (qs) Read More »
AXIAL COLUMN SHORTENING In tall buildings, columns carry huge loads which effectively compress the column along its axis. This is commonly known as ‘axial shortening’. The axial column displacements generate significant forces within the structural elements they support, and can also cause failure of surrounding non-structural elements.
AXIAL COLUMN SHORTENING to EN 1992-1 : 2003 Read More »
A basement wall is thus one kind of retaining wall. But the term usually refers to a cantilever retaining wall, which is a freestanding structure without lateral support at its top. These are cantilevered from a footing and rise above the grade on one side to retain a higher level grade on the opposite side.
Basement wall design to BS8110:1997, BS8002:1994. BS 8004:1986 etc. Read More »
